Superbugs and misusage of antibiotics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Superbugs and misusage of antibiotics - Essay Example However, the common used of antibiotics is for bacterial resistance. The discovery of antibiotics was only possible in the 19th century (History Learning Site 2013). One of the main contributors to the development of antibiotics was Alexander Fleming. He accidentally discovered penicillin in 1928 from a culture plate of Staphylococcus bacteria (FAS n.d.). The culture plate had been left unattended during a two weeks vacation and became invested with Penicillium notatum mold (FAS n.d.). In the plate, he noted there was a clear space surrounding the yellow green mould. The observation led to a postulate that Penicillin was capable of limiting bacteria growth (FAS n.d.). In later periods, other researchers took over and were able to purify penicillin. Moreover, there was more production of penicillin in pharmaceuticals industries for treatment of soldiers during World War II (FAS n.d.). Consequently, penicillin was used in the treatment of pneumonia, diphtheria, syphilis, gonorrhoea, an d many other infections (FAS n.d.). Since this period, there has been the emergence of various antibiotics. On the other hand, there has been increased use of antibiotics in hospitals and patients. As a result, the constant use and reliance on antibiotics have led to their abuse. Consequently, this has led to antibiotics resistance with disastrous consequences to the community and health care sector. One of such bacteria is Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The bacteria have been popular especially in British hospitals. A study carried out showed that MRSA bacteria in the United Kingdom were more than 15 times as compared to the safest countries (Marsh 2013). A reflection on MRSA helps in highlighting its impact, ways of spread, treatment, prevention and public health participation by society and politician. The antibiotic resistance has become an area of concern. The resistance occurs when strains of bacteria in the human or animal body becomes resistant to antibi otics due to poor use and abuse of antibiotics (American College of Physicians (ACP) 2013). Some of the resistance develops in hospitals. This is because in hospitals, there is usually administration of millions of doses of antibiotics in a day (ACP 2013). As a result, there is increased chance of developing resistance in hospital as compared to other sectors. Moreover, some of the prescription may be faulty. This may occur as the doctors prescribe the use of antibiotics for cold, coughs and other viral infections (Pechere 2001). On the other hand, there are those individuals that demand physicians to authorize the use of antibiotics just because of common cold. Moreover, other gets antibiotics over the counter. Consequently, most of antibiotics are taken for control of viral infection instead of bacterial disease. Therefore, failure to test by physicians leads to increased dose of antibiotics taken for viral disease. Consequently, majority of antibiotics are abused and misused. On the other hand, failure to complete the dosage of antibiotics as prescribed by doctor lead to the development of resistance (ACP 2013). Therefore, the improper use and abuse of antibiotics has contributed significantly to the development of antibiotic resistance (ACP 2013). Various types of superbug have emerged today. One example is the Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci (VRE) (Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) 2000). However, its problem arose in 1996 as it was in hospital patients in Australia (ABC

Introduction to Supply Chain Management Research Paper

Introduction to Supply Chain Management - Research Paper Example Dell has accomplished to turn into one of the mainstream victorious computer corporations in the human race, by highlighting as well as making straight its strategies with the plan of its management supply chain. The ground-breaking ideas of its inventor, Dell, and their effectual execution have transformed Dell into the mainly quoted exemplar of the Supply Chain scientific society. As a result, the concern in examining Dell’s SC policies is important, as it is anticipated to emphasize more universal and pioneering problems of SCM. Although numerous exploration works have investigated Dell’s strategies of supply chain, the majority of the implemented advances fall into the groups of strategic as well as hypothetical, theoretical outlook of the topic. Moreover, the production world is â€Å"hungry† for illustrations along with practical, sensible recommendation for policies as well as operations. Therefore, there appears to be a number of gaps between academic world and the commerce world regarding the handling of the topic of Supply Chain Management. Our goal is to seal this gap by giving an evaluation of a lower degree, therefore, employ knowledge-oriented methods to evaluate and shape Dell’s trade as well as Supply Chain policies. After investigating these strategies, we will create a business progression representation (BPM) for Dell that is planned, business-goal-centered as well as implementable. To create the BPM be implementable we will develop a workflow foundation for BPM model and computation of the total implementation duration and expenditure. Thus, the key aim of our effort is to gain knowledge of Dell’s strategies of supply chain. The minor aims comprise: i) the creation of Dell’s BPM model that demonstrates its strategies of SC, ii) the formation of a workflow foundation for BPM model that is production situation responsive, and iii) the reproduction of the urbanized