Investigating radioactive decay using coins Essays

Investigating radioactive decay using coins Essays Investigating radioactive decay using coins Essay Investigating radioactive decay using coins Essay Research question: Does our radioactive modeling with coins illustrate radioactive decay? Hypothesis: I believe that it is possible to illustrate radioactive decay by trying to model it using coins. Radioactive decay is a random process and is not affected by external conditions. This means that there is no way of knowing whether or not a nucleus is going to decay within a certain period of time. However, due to the large numbers of atoms involved we can make some accurate predictions. For example, if we start with a given number of atoms then we can expect a certain number to decay in the next minute. If there were more atoms in the sample, we would expect the number decaying to be larger. As a result the rate of decay of a sample is directly proportional to the number of atoms in the sample. This proportionality means that radioactive decay is an exponential process. As a result, I believe that we can model radioactive decay using coins because by chance we should get half of the coins left each time which is exactly what half-life is. Variables: Independent variable: I am not sure about this one because I dont really think there is an independent variable in this investigation because we arent changing anything other than the number of parent coins every time we throw them. Dependant variable: Similarly, there is no real dependant variable due to the fact that there is no independent variable. Controlled Variables: Despite the fact that we cannot really identify any independent and dependant variables there are several variables that we should control. First of all, the drop height must be kept the same in all experiments and this can be done by using a rule to measure the height each time. Also the type of coins and the surface which the coins hit must be kept the same. Method of experiment: 1. Find a place where there is plenty of area so that the coins can bounce off freely. (Remember the surface must be kept the same). 2. Drop the 32 coins of the one type (lets call them parent coins) on a flat surface. 3. Count and remove all of the parent coins which are head-side up- these have decayed, 4. Replace the head-side up coins with the same number of the other type of coin ( lets call them the daughter coins) you are using. 5. Record the number of parent and daughter coins you have onto a chart and repeat the process until no parent coin is left. Method of Collecting Data: 1. In order to get accurate results do your experiment about three times and then do an average. Data Collection and Processing Data collection: Tables showing the number of parent and daughter coins at each step (Trial 1) Data presentation: Now in order to answer my research question it is vital that we draw a graph because if the graph illustrates an exponential decay curve then it would support my theory that you can in fact model radioactive decay but if it doesnt illustrate an exponential curve then it wouldnt support my theory. Conclusion and Evaluation Conclusion: In essence, the results support my theory that it is possible to model radioactive decay using coins. From the first graph we can clearly see that we have an exponential graph which is what radioactive decay is due to the fact that the rate of decay of a sample is directly proportional to the number of atoms in the sample. The other graph serves to illustrate that as the decay of the radioactive parent nuclei occurs, there is an increase in the stable daughter nuclei. Speaking about errors in this modeling exercise is very hard because this isnt really an experiment. All we are really doing is throwing coins onto a flat surface and looking at the outcome i. e. the number of head-side up parent coins. Systematic errors couldnt have occurred because we arent using any instruments to measure anything. The only random error that could have occurred would be us missing one of the head-side up coins and not removing it when we had to. Evaluation: Again because this isnt an experiment in which we have a definite independent variable and a dependant variable, there are no real weaknesses or limitations that occurred. The only weakness I can think of is that this modeling exercise relies a lot on chance. In other words, it just might have been so that not approximately half of the coins were taken of each time. It would have been a total mess if for example the first few tries only 1 coin is head-side up and then after lets say the 5th try all of them come up as head-side up. That would totally mess all the results and wouldnt support the theory of radioactivity. Other than that I cannot think of any weaknesses. Improvements: Thinking of realistic improvement for this modeling exercise isnt possible because it is a modeling exercise and not an experiment. However, it never hurts to take more trial perhaps- 10 trials and then taking averages. This would give more accurate results but then again because this experiment relies too much on chance, doing 10 trials might make the results even worse. Another improvement can be is to use much more coins, for example a hundred coins. This gives a greater possibility to monitor radioactive decay. I am sorry that I couldnt do all experiments but as you know we- the chemists- also had to do chemistry investigations and therefore we didnt have enough time to do all the experiments.

Lexical Competence Definition and Examples

Lexical Competence Definition and Examples The ability to produce and understand the words of a language. Lexical competence is an aspect of both linguistic competence and communicative competence. Examples and Observations Anna GoyDuring the last decade or so more and more philosophers, linguists, psychologists, and computer scientists have become convinced that no complete account of our competence in the domain of word meaning can be given without a link between language and perception (Jackendoff, 1987; Landau Jackendoff, 1993; Harnad, 1993; Marconi, 1994). Moreover, it has been claimed that the boundary between lexical and encyclopaedic knowledge is not clear cut (or may be completely absent): the way we use, perceive and conceptualise objects is part of a kind of knowledge that not only belongs to our lexical competence, but is precisely what allows us to know the meanings of words and to use them correctly.Diego MarconiWhat does our ability to use words consist of? What kind of knowledge, and which abilities, underlie it?It seemed to me that to be able to use a word is, on the one hand, to have access to a network of connections between that word and other words and linguistic expressions: it is to know that cats are animals, that in order to arrive somewhere one has to move, that an illness is something one may be cured of, and so forth. On the other hand, to be able to use a word is to know how to map lexical items onto the real world, that is, to be capable of both naming (selecting the right word in response to a given object or circumstance) and application (selecting the right object or circumstances in response to a given word). The two abilities are, to a large extent, independent of each other. . . . The former ability can be called inferential, for it underlies our inferential performance (such as, for example, interpreting a general regulation concerning animals as applying to cats); the latter may be called referential. . . .I later discovered, thanks to Glyn Humphreys and other neuro-psychologists, that empirical research on brain-injured persons confirmed, to some extent, the intuitive picture of lexical competence I had been sketching. Inferential and refere ntial abilities appeared to be separate. Paul Miera[D]eveloping good test instruments for evaluating hypotheses about vocabulary development may be more difficult than we have typically supposed. Simply comparing the associations of L2 learners and native speakers, using ad hoc lists of words, as much of the research in this area has done, begins to look like a very unsatisfactory approach to assessing L2 lexical competence. Indeed, blunt research tools of this kind may be intrinsically incapable of evaluating the hypothesis we think we are researching. Careful simulation studies provide a way of testing out the capabilities of these instruments before they are widely used in real experiments.Michael Devitt and Kim SterelnyWhen we talk of an ability to use a name gained at a dubbing or in conversation, we are talking of competence. So competence with the name is simply an ability with it that is gained in a grounding or reference borrowing. Underlying the ability will be causal chains of a certain type that link the name to its bearer. Since the names sense is its property of designating by that type of chain, we could say that, in a psychologically austere way, competence with a name involves grasping its sense. But competence does not require any knowledge about the sense, any knowledge that the sense is the property of designating the bearer by a certain type of causal chain. This sense is largely external to the mind and beyond the ken of the ordinary speaker.

Country Focus Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Country Focus - Research Paper Example The report includes extensive analysis of the automotive as well as the steel sectors. These sectors are the spearhead for further economic transformation (The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, 5-6). The report also considered the extensive up gradation in transport facilities and secure modes of power supply. The country is now focused on handling the challenge of rising demand. The mining industry of the country is under the spotlight as new markets are emerging which posits the opportunity to trade. The emerging markets promises further growth in iron ore. The country recovered fairly well after e contraction in the year 2009 and such kind of recovery can be matched by very few economies. The focus now has diverted to the sectors that provide multiplier effects and initiatives have been taken to increase the output of the productivity sectors. Unemployment has been a subject of concern for the country but fails to posit serious impact on the economy. The count ry is following the policy of maintaining political stability and is on the way of providing good business environment along with rich natural resources (SAinfo reporter and BuaNews). Cultural Aspects The central unit of the society is formed by families. The nuclear families are paramount to the existence of individual. The family serves the purpose to support the community both financially and emotionally. The concept of time differs between the black and white Africans. The white Africans try to keep the pace according to time while the black Africans are usually believed to complete the work at slower pace. The cultural ancestry impacts on the differences in communication styles. The Africans who have the potential to speak English generally maintains a reserve and conservative mannerism with the objective to avoid conflict. The Africans from other backgrounds usually maintains a direct and explicit approach of communication. The objective of them is to be honest and forthright. This implicates that they will not hesitate to refuse anything in public. In order to initiate the business deals successfully, it is important to be aware of the styles of the different communities. The abundant availability of natural resources has paved the way for the country to become the largest developed economy among the countries of Africa (Willumsen, Moene and Hoyland, 1-2). The per capita GDP has made the country as one of the top 50 wealthiest nations of the world. The country has got immense potential from the investment point of view with one of the emerging market economies around the globe. The greeting styles generally tend to vary depending on the ethnic heritage of the country. The Africans who can speak English generally follows a formal and polite mannerism to address someone. The black Africans generally follow an informal approach to greet someone who is unknown to them. The initial gesture that is most common in this part of the world is a formal handshake. However for the female associates, the trend is to wait for the female to offer a shake of hands first. For long term business success it is important to build relationship and networking. The residents generally prefer a win-win situation where both the associated parties tend to gain something for the business negotiations. So it is advised to avoid confrontation and aggressive bartering over prices.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) - Essay Example As long as metals that are Ferro magnetic are not in the magnetic field area during use, the radio waves and the magnetic fields are relatively harmless and pose no serious impacts during normal procedures. The scanner for MRI resembles a huge box that is square shaped and with a tunnel-like hole running through the middle. The user requests the child to lie down on a table that is cushioned with aids such as soft traps and foam cushions employed to ensure the child remains still during the process. A unique frame which slightly resembles a helmet is placed on the part of the body of the child that has been earmarked for observation. When the child has been set in a comfortable and appropriate position, the table begins to move by default into the tunnel of the MRI. At this point, it is crucial that the child maintains relative stillness since any movements will cause blurring of the images and hence poor results. The examiner then departs from the room but remains in constant communication with the child using an intercom. Upon starting the process of MRI, the child may experience sounds that are loud, knocking and thumping in nature that may stay for many minutes at times. Therefore, ear protections such as ear plugs or headphones are availed to protect the hearing of the child. A parent/ guardian can come along with the child’s favorite DVD so that they can watch during the process through the video goggles of the MRI or even music CDs that they can listen to during the process. Parents/ guardians who opt to remain with their children in the operation room are also given ear protection devices to lower the noise emanating from the scanner. In order to yield better image details of the MRI, intravenous contrast could be pumped into the vein of the child. Intravenous contrast is often termed a dye but is basically a liquid without color and not similar to the kind utilized in CT scans and X-rays. In case

Black Elk Speaks Essay Example for Free

Black Elk Speaks Essay In the article, Black Elk Speaks with Forked Tongue, Couser is giving his opinion on how he thinks that Neihardt was in actuality suppressing the Lakota way of life and Black Elk’s story. His opinion is backed by some good points from the text and as well as other scholars who have the same opinion as himself. Couser does believe that Black Elk Speaks is a well written book and he even respects and commends Neihardt in his attempt to honor Black Elk, â€Å"before detailing the short comings of Black Elk Speaks I would like to acknowledge the considerable efforts Neihardt made to honor Black Elk’s narrative† (Couser). Couser then dives into the idea that this book as an autobiography should be a thing of the past. I think Couser then gets carried away with an opinion about how Black Elk was being censored and the truths were kept secret. Couser’s argument is good but his tactic and tangent near the end could have been left out; it does not hurt the argument but it also is too absurd to help the argument as well. Couser states that one of the problems with Neihardt is just the sheer fact of the language barrier; he uses DeMallie as an example of a person who thought the same thing. While there is good translation at times there are horrific and even completely made up parts in the book; this goes back to Couser’s argument that the book is not qualified to be called a Native American Biography. Neihardt had Black Elk’s son translate while Neighardt’s daughter would take notes; this action alone makes it inevitable that there will be some miscommunication and misinterpretation. It was then Neihardt who, in order to fill in the loss in translation, put in his own creativity and somehow turn a story into a piece of literary work. Due to the language barrier it was inevitable from the very beginning that Neihardt would have to change things around for literary purposes. Couser seems to only point out the bad parts of the book and never goes into depth about any of the good things, for instance: had Neihardt gone verbatim what Black Elk said he would have gotten factual information wrong, â€Å"After we had danced, she spoke to us. She said something like this: ‘I am sixty-seven years old. (Neihardt 177); this is just one example where Neihardt saw a mistake and corrected it just as any good editor would do. A literal translation of every word Black Elk spoke is not plausible due to a difference in culture as well as language. As a writer it was Neihardt’s job to put it in a form that is readable. It was his job to try to convey the emotions Black Elk was portraying in the telling of the story. Seeing what Neihardt put in and left out did not make much of a difference and it seemed to be well done for as big of a barrier he faced. Couser also argues that Neihardt’s free translation, not just language barrier but also that Neihardt could fill in things with his own creativeness, debunks the argument that Black Elk Speaks is a true Native American Autobiography. He believes that Neihardt’s attempts to change and convey emotion are merely Neihardt using his own opinion and creativeness. The text in the book is not verbatim and therefore Neihardt did his own thing. Couser later argues that Neihardt creating much of the story is still a kind of suppression and is conveying a dominant power. Neihardt used creativity just as any other writer would have done. â€Å"There were many lies, but we could not eat them. The forked tongue made promises† (Neihardt 172); that sentence is Neihardt’s and it may not be what Black Elk said but it could have been something that Neihardt could see Black Elk saying. Just because something is creative does not mean that it is an absurd thought. He used creativity to convey what he was seeing from Black Elk himself. Had Neihardt only gone by words I think more would have been lost in translation; not only is there language that has to be translated but also an emotional language. Neihardt took it upon himself to convey the emotion and had someone else transcribe the notes. Even though the translation was not word for word I think he portrayed the emotion quite well in the text. Couser then starts his tangent about how in this â€Å"autobiography† the white man is still suppressing the Native American Indian. He discusses little things like how Neihardt should not have addressed Black Elk as Black Elk. He also accuses Neihardt of trying to make the book too Indian like. He criticizes Neihardt’s writing of Black Elk. Couser then argues that the reason that Neihardt did not mention as many rituals or customs in the text is due to a dominant culture trying to eradicate and hide another culture, the Native American Indian culture. All in the same argument Couser suggest that the book is a sign of cultural imperialism; he says that the books was meant to escape cultural imperialism but in the end the book seems to be all about cultural imperialism I believe that Neihardt wrote the book and went off, as closely as possible, Black Elk. Neihardt approached Black Elk, not vice versa; had Black Elk approached Neihardt the book would probably be totally different then what it is today. Neihardt had every right to do what he did in the book due to his poetic license. It should be a given that Neihardt was going to do some of his own things; however, that does not mean that the book is a cultural imperialist book or a historical fiction. For some reason Neihardt changed his intentions for the interview; they were going to go towards his poetry but for some purpose he turned to a novel. I believe Neihardt was doing the story telling in a way that had never been done before, in a literary way. Black Elk told the story in an oral and story form and Neihardt then transformed the story into a literary work. Couser did have a strong argument and I do agree with what he said about how the book should not be taken as a Lakota bible or a Native American Biography; I do not agree with his argument that the book is a form of suppression upon the Native Americans. The flaws in the book are minute enough that it can still give a considerable amount of history and background on the Lakota people. However, it should not be taken as a bible for the Lakota people, after all not everything of what was said about the tribe and rituals is in the book and one must do more research than just read and study Black Elk Speaks. All Neihardt was expected to do was his best and I think he did accomplish his goal of creating a fairly accurate portrayal of the Lakota people and the Indian life of Black Elk.

Beauty and the Beast by Mme Le Prince De Beaumont :: essays research papers

Beauty and the Beast by Mme Le Prince De Beaumont The fairy tale Beauty and the Beast opens with the characters of a rich merchant and his six children, three boys and three girls. "The two eldest girls were vain of their wealth and position" (22), but the youngest girl, the prettiest of the three, had a more pleasing personality, humble and considerate. This youngest daughter was so beautiful even as a child that everyone called her Little Beauty. She was just as lovely as she grew up so that she was never called by any other name, a fact that made her sisters extremely jealous. All three girls had numerous marriage proposals - the two eldest always turned their suitors away with the declaration that they had no intentions of marrying anyone less than a duke or an earl. Beauty too always turned her proposals down, but with kindness, answering that she thought herself too young and would rather live some years longer with her father. "Then through some unlucky accident the father lost all of his fortune and had nothing left but a small cottage in the country"(22). When the father told his children that they would all leave town and move to the country cottage the two eldest daughters replied that they would not leave and go with him. They thought they had plenty of gentlemen who would marry them but soon found out that the men they had turned down so harshly now had no pity for them. On the other hand, many still had feelings for Beauty and several men offered to marry her yet she still refused, stating she could not think of leaving her father along in his troubles. At first Beauty would sometimes cry in secret over their misfortune, but in a very short time she decided, "All the crying in the world will do me no good, so I will try to be happy without a fortune" (22). After settling into their cottage, the merchant and his three sons began plowing and sowing the fields and working in a garden. Beauty did her part to help out; rising at four o'clock every morning to light the fires, clean the house, and fix breakfast for her family. When all her work was done, Beauty would amuse herself reading, playing her music, or singing while she spun. The two eldest girls, however, did not know what to do with their time; each day they had breakfast in bed, not rising until ten o'clock, and then they spent their days pitying themselves and grieving for the loss of their carriage and fine clothes.

Determining of the equilibrium constant for the formation of FeSCN2+ Essay

Determining of the equilibrium constant for the formation of FeSCN2+ Introduction The objective of this experiment was to determine the equilibrium concentration and then determine Kc. A dilution calculation was formed to determine the concentration of SCN- and Fe(SCN)2+. Each cuvette was filled to the same volume and can be seen in table 1. Then the absorbances were recorded from each cuvette and can be seen in table 1. A Beer’s law plot was made from the data that was recorded from the optical absorbance. During the second part of the experiment Fe (NO3)3 was added and diluted with HNO3 . All of the cuvettes were mixed with the same solutions in the second part of the experiment, which can be seen in table 2. A dilution calculation was made to determine the initial concentration of Fe3+and SCN-. Then the formula Abs + b/ slope was used to determine the equilibrium concentration which lead to the calculation of each Kc per trial. Chemical reaction Fe3+ + SCN- FeSCN2+ Â  Conclusion: An acid and a base were mixed together throughout the experiment, which resulted in a bright orange color. It was determined that using the colorimeter at 565nm the would give the optimum wavelength because it was the closest absorbance to 430nm. All of the cuvettes were filled to 3mL so there would not be another dependent variable. Whenever Fe3+ would come in contact with SCN- there would be a color change. Relatively all of the Kc were close to each other as they should be because the only variable that affects a change Kc and the temperature was kept consent throughout the experiment. The average Kc from all five trials is 1.52 x 10 2.

Edwards’ Sermon “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” Essay

When first reading Jonathan Edwards’ sermon, â€Å"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God,† shocked readers how it started right in about the wrath of God and Hell. His diction and images create a tone of alarming immediacy – act now for your own good. â€Å"The bow of God’s wrath is bent†, the arrow ready to pierce the heart of a sinner. Edwards uses this frightening image to compare the power of God to the people. His point is that he wants to persuade sinners to repent. Edwards seems to feel a harsh tone is needed in this to get the point across that they need God to lead them out of the dreadful pit. Edwards’ word choices present a contradiction, saying that people who have a relationship with God can still go to Hell because there is only God’s hand holding us up from Hell. The word â€Å"obligation† implies that the arrow could pierce a sinner’s heart right now, during his sermon. Also, â€Å"everlasting destructionà ¢â‚¬  has a big impact, telling people that they can have life if they follow God, or be swallowed up by Hell. Edwards is didactic and harsh with the information he tries to convey to the congregation, scaring them he hopes, into salvation. He uses these tools to help the tone on the importance of knowing God and how people’s lives can be changed. He does this out of love, trying to tell them how it really is and wanting them to choose the right way. This frightening, bullying tone is a far cry from the 21st century sermons which emphasize God’s love for mankind as in the well known verse John 3:16.

Plastics in Childrens Toys

Plastics in Children's Toys Neither you nor your child can escape the touch of plastics, and for the most part, you dont need to worry about it. Most plastics are perfectly safe for even very small children. Plastics in their pure form typically have low solubility in water and have a low level of toxicity. However, some plastics found in toys contain a variety of additives that have been found to be toxic. Although the relative risk of injury from plastic-based toxins is low, its prudent to select your childs toys carefully. Bisphenol-A Bisphenol-A usually called BPA was long used in toys, baby bottles, dental sealants, and even thermal receipt tape. More than 100 studies have linked BPA to problems including obesity, depression and breast cancer.   PVC Avoid plastics that are marked with a 3 or PVC because polyvinyl chloride plastics often contain additives that can make plastics more harmful than they need to be for children. The volume and type of those additives will vary by the object and may differ significantly from toy to toy. The manufacture of PVC creates dioxin, a serious carcinogen. Although the dioxin shouldnt be in the plastic, its a byproduct of the manufacturing process, so buying less PVC may be an environmentally smart decision. Polystyrene Polystyrene is a rigid, brittle, inexpensive plastic commonly used to make plastic model kits and other toys. The material is also a base of  EPS foam. In the late 1950s, high-impact polystyrene was introduced, which was not brittle; it is commonly used today to make toy figurines and similar novelties. Plasticizers Plasticizers such as adipates and phthalates had long been added to brittle plastics such as polyvinyl chloride to make them pliable enough for toys. Traces of these compounds can possibly leak out of the product. The European Union placed a permanent ban on the use of phthalates in toys. Furthermore, in 2009 the United States banned certain types of phthalates commonly used in plastics. Lead According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, plastic toys may contain lead, which is added to the plastic to soften it. If the toy is exposed to high heat, the lead may leach out in the form of dust, which may then be inhaled or ingested by a child or pet. A Little Bit of Vigilance Almost all plastic childrens toys are safe. A vast majority of toys are now made with polybutylene terephthalate plastic: You can tell these toys apart by sight, as they are the brightly colored,  shiny, very impact-resistant objects littering toy boxes across the country. Regardless of the type of plastic you encounter, its always wise to discard or recycle any plastic object that shows obvious signs of wear or degradation.   So although theres no need to panic about toxic toys, a little bit of vigilance especially with antique toys, or very inexpensive mass-produced toys may protect your children from unnecessary exposure.

Birthday Wishes and Quotes for Friends

Birthday Wishes and Quotes for Friends Friends make your birthday special. They may not shower you with expensive presents, but their presence makes the celebration complete. Likewise, your friends expect you to shower them with love and attention on their birthdays. Friends Like Unexpected Birthday Surprises On your friends birthday, show your dearest friend how much you care. As long as your surprise does not cause embarrassment, your friend will enjoy being surprised on her birthday. The surprise need not be extravagant. You can throw a surprise birthday party with close friends. Your friend will be touched by your gesture, however big or small.With little investment, come up with creative birthday surprises. You can plan a treasure hunt for your friend, or a picnic at her favorite holiday spot. You can even plan a special trip to a rock concert. Or take her to a karaoke bar, and dedicate a birthday song to your friend. Connect With Friends on Birthdays Birthdays are the perfect occasion to catch up with friends. If your friend has moved to another part of the world, send birthday wishes through text messages or social networking sites. If you have not been in touch with your childhood friends, surprise them by sending them birthday wishes. Everybody loves to be remembered on birthdays. Your birthday wish will come as a pleasant surprise. Also, you can use birthdays as the perfect excuse to befriend someone. Birthday Quotes for Friends Add a Special ZingYou want your gift to stand out in a pile of presents. While it would be foolish to empty your pockets and buy the most expensive presents, you can gift your friend something you hold dear. Or you can gift her a handmade present, such as an engraved handkerchief, or a personalized t-shirt. While choosing a birthday gift, keep your friends preferences in mind. If you are unable to make a choice, simply gift your friend a small present with a happy birthday wish written on it. Your eloquent words can make any gift special. Use these birthday quotes for friends to add that magic touch. Larry LorenzoniBirthdays are good for you. Statistics show that the people who have the most live the longest.Menachem Mendel SchneersonBecause time itself is like a spiral, something special happens on your birthday each year: The same energy that God invested in you at birth is present once again.Edna St. Vincent MillayMy candle burns at both ends; it will not last the night.But, ah, my foes, and, oh, my friends; it gives a lovely light!Robert BraultIn childhood, we yearn to be grown-ups. In old age, we yearn to be kids. It just seems that all would be wonderful if we didnt have to celebrate our birthdays in chronological order.Chili DavisGrowing old is mandatory; growing up is optional.Oscar WildeThirty-five is a very attractive age; London society is full of women who have of their own free choice remained thirty-five for years.E. W. HoweProbably no man ever had a friend that he did not dislike a little.Robert Brault I value the friend who for me finds time on his calendar, but I cherish the friend who for me does not consult his calendar. Margaret Lee RunbeckSilences make the real conversations between friends. Not the saying but the never needing to say is what counts.John LeonardIt takes a long time to grow an old friend.Ralph Waldo EmersonIt is one of the blessings of old friends that you can afford to be stupid with them.Barbara Kingsolver The friend who holds your hand and says the wrong thing is made of dearer stuff than the one who stays away.Elbert HubbardThe friend is the man who knows all about you, and still likes you.Antoine De Saint-ExuperyThe tender friendships one gives up, on parting, leave their bite on the heart, but also a curious feeling of a treasure somewhere buried.Jean Paul RichterOur birthdays are feathers in the broad wing of time.William ShakespeareWith mirth and laughter let old wrinkles come.Chili DavisGrowing old is mandatory; growing up is optional.Cherokee ExpressionWhen you were born, you cried and the world rejoiced. Live your life so that when you die, the world cries and you rejoice .Bishop Richard CumberlandIt is better to wear out than to rust out. John LennonCount your life by smiles, not tears,Count your age by friends, not years.W. C. FieldsStart every day with a smile and get it over with.Bob HopeYou know you are getting old when the candles cost more than the cake.Samuel UllmanYears may wrinkle the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul.William W. PurkeyYou’ve gotta dance like there’s nobody watching,Love like you’ll never be hurt,Sing like there’s nobody listening,And live like it’s heaven on earth.Markus Zusak, I am the Messenger Sometimes people are beautiful. Not in looks. Not in what they say. Just in what they are.George Harrison All the world is birthday cake, so take a piece, but not too much.Mae WestYou only live once, but if you do it right, once is enough.Ralph Waldo EmersonTo laugh often and much; to win the respect of intelligent people and the affection of children; to earn the appreciation of honest critics and to endure the betrayal of false friends. To apprecia te beauty; to find the best in others; to leave the world a bit better whether by a healthy child, a garden patch, or a redeemed social condition; to know that even one life has breathed easier because you have lived. This is to have succeeded.Ralph Waldo EmersonIt is not the length of life, but the depth.Maya AngelouLet gratitude be the pillow upon which you kneel to say your nightly prayer. And let faith be the bridge you build to overcome evil and welcome good.Martin BuxbaumSome people, no matter how old they get, never lose their beauty- they merely move it from their faces into their hearts.Elizabeth Cady StantonThe heyday of a womans life is the shady side of fifty.

Deforestation in Indonesia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Deforestation in Indonesia - Research Paper Example The 52-second tremor left 5, 700 lives and damaged an estimated amount or US3.1 billion (Leitmann, 2007). These are just some of the examples from the growing list of disasters in Indonesia. At first glance, these disasters can be considered to be brought about by natural calamities, natural catastrophes that could be beyond anybody’s control. Taking a closer look however on Indonesia’s environmental policies, many issues can be clarified and a lot of questions can be answered. This paper delves on the environmental condition including the policies of Indonesia with specific focus on deforestation. Country profile Republic of Indonesia is an archipelagic country in the South East Asian region with the land area of 1.9 million sq km (BBC News, 2011). Indonesia’s terrain is mainly coastal lowlands and its larger islands have interior mountains (Central Intelligence Agency, 2011). Indonesia is highly diverse ethnicity with more than 300 local languages (BBC News, 20 11). As of this year, Indonesia has a recorded population of more than 245 million. According to the data of Central Intelligence Agency, it has an urban population of 44 percent as of year 2010 and the rate of urbanization goes at 1.5 percent rate of change for the year 2010-2011. Indonesia is endowed with rich natural resources such as petroleum, gold, silver, coal, natural gas, nickel, and copper among others. Most of its land area is also arable and fertile soil. On the other hand, Indonesia is also home for the most volcanoes in the world, some 76 are historically active (Central Intelligence Agency, 2011). In spite of being a highly agricultural country, only 16. 5 percent (Central Intelligence Agency, 2011) of Indonesia’s labor force is in the agricultural sector. The industrial sector dominates the labor force with 46.4 percent (Central Intelligence Agency, 2011) followed by services with 37.1 percent (Central Intelligence Agency, 2011). This set-up of the labor force can be traced back during the 1970s when Indonesia started the development of its wood-processing industries maximizing its forests that comprise 84 percent of its total land area. From then on, Indonesia’s production capacity of pulp and paper industries has increased immensely by almost 700 percent, thus, it is now one of the world’s largest pulp and paper producer. Forest-related industry in Indonesia was further expanded in the decades of 1980s and 1990s by the government. However, these expansions went underway without any sustainable forest management system thus resulted to the acceleration of forest loss in the country. Status of deforestation Deforestation from a layman’s point of view is simply an act of cutting down trees in forest and rain forests. Usually, these are through logging or burning of trees. However, the act of systematically cutting down trees to pave the way for industrial plantations that support the pulp and paper industries or clear ing forests to convert them into crop plantation such as palm oil or opening up to mining industries, the simple act elevates to exploitation and deforestation becomes seriously destructive. Conversion to plantations The rate of forest loss is growing fast. In 1980, about 1 million hectare per year was cleared. This accelerated in the first half of the1990s with an average of 1.7 million hectares and by 1996 onwards, the average has grown as high as 2 million hectares (Four Corners,

Ethics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 11

Ethics - Assignment Example Human are increasingly becoming greedy. This way, the destroy nature to achieve personal gratifications. Question 4: I look forward to learn about preservation. In the midst of the foretold destruction, humans will have to preserve the resources. I therefore look forward to studying the role that preservation will play in saving the future of humanity. Question 5: Property rights do not and should not outweigh the long-term survival of nature. In fact, laws should always protect the long-term survival of nature. Nature sustains human among other forms of life. Question 6: Animals have rights too and the governments should always formulate appropriate laws to safeguard the rights of animals. Poaching has proven that human activities continue to threaten the survival of nature. Recognizing the rights of animals is the surest way to both preservation and conservation. Question 7: The society and culture is indeed ill. The claim provides a rational explanation to the fact that a human would hunt and annihilate rhinos, elephants and other rare wild cats just for money. Such wanton selfishness is a sign of illness of the human culture. Question 8: conservations and preservation of watershed boundaries is a feature of bioregionalism that promises hope for the biodiversity in nature. Bioregionalism provides effective ways of protecting the environment since it creates small and manageable portions of nature thereby making it easy for governments to protect and conserve nature. Question 9: Western mindset promises better environmental ideology. Such basic ideologies as regionalism and preservation are western and they both provide ways for humans to use nature to achieve their personal gratification while safeguarding nature. This way, both humanity and nature win. Question 10: The chaotic attractors in the modern society include pollution, which influences climatic change thereby causing numerous life threatening consequences. Pollution